Thoracotomy is a surgical procedure involving a large incision made in the chest wall to access the thoracic cavity, which includes the lungs, heart, esophagus, and other structures within the chest. This procedure is performed to diagnose or treat a variety of conditions affecting the chest organs, such as lung cancer, pleural effusion, traumatic injuries, or infections. Thoracotomy allows surgeons to directly visualize and operate on these internal structures, providing a way to perform biopsies, remove tumors, drain fluid, or repair damaged tissues. The primary cause for a thoracotomy is the need to address severe or complex conditions within the thoracic cavity that cannot be effectively managed with less invasive methods. For example, in cases of suspected lung cancer, thoracotomy may be used to obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or to remove a tumor. It is also performed in emergencies to address trauma-related injuries or to manage infections that have not responded to other treatments. While thoracotomy can be life-saving and effective, it carries several potential risks and complications. These may include infection, bleeding, and prolonged pain at the incision site. There is also a risk of damage to surrounding organs, such as the lungs or heart, which can lead to complications like pneumothorax (collapsed lung) or cardiac issues. Additionally, patients may experience difficulty with breathing or reduced lung function following the surgery. Despite these risks, thoracotomy remains a crucial tool in thoracic surgery, providing access to vital areas for treatment and diagnosis. Proper post-operative care is essential to manage complications and ensure recovery.
